A small amount may also undergo conjugation with glycine or hydroxylation before renal excretion. Salicylate undergoes renal clearance and may be excreted unchanged or following glucuronidation. Upon saturation of all available binding sites, any additional ingestion results in a significant increase in free salicylate and a parallel increase in tissue concentrations. This active substance reversibly binds to serum proteins (principally albumin). 7,8Īfter absorption, aspirin is hydrolyzed in intestinal, hepatic, and red blood cells to form salicylic acid. More importantly, massive ingestions cause delayed gastric emptying and, hence, result in serum levels that may continue to rise for several hours. Sustained release and enteric-coated preparations have less predictable pharmacokinetics. 3–6 Initial serum levels are detected within 30 minutes of ingestion and peak levels occur within 2 to 4 hours. Salicylates are absorbed rapidly after oral administration. 4,6 Adverse effects with therapeutic use of aspirin include gastrointestinal (GI) upset, mucosal ulceration, acute GI bleeding, and altered hemostasis (primarily irreversible platelet dysfunction that persists for several days). The recommended dosage for antiinflammatory or analgesic effect is 10 to 25 mg/kg PO q8-12h for dogs and 10 to 20 mg/kg PO q48-72h for cats. The availability of alternative cyclooxygenase-selective analgesics limits the contemporary use of high-dose aspirin therapy for analgesia in both dogs and cats however, therapeutic administration of aspirin at appropriate dosage is considered acceptable for both species. As with other antiinflammatory agents, salicylates may be formulated in combination with other drugs (i.e., opioids, acetaminophen, decongestants) and, whether in combination or alone, they are available as oral tablets, liquid suspensions, and topical preparations. Other common sources include oil of wintergreen, Pepto-Bismol, Percodan, and BENGAY. 5 Aspirin is probably the most familiar source of salicylate for the small animal veterinarian. Salicylates are common ingredients in a variety of prescription and over-the-counter compounds. Preparations and Routes of Administration
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